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Laboratory layered latte.

Nan Xue1, Sepideh Khodaparast1, Lailai Zhu1,2

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.

Nature Communications
|December 14, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Controlled fluid injection creates layered patterns, mimicking natural phenomena like double-diffusive convection. This single-step process can engineer soft materials with step-wise varying elastic properties.

Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Soft matter physics
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Double-diffusive convection creates layered patterns in systems with initial density gradients, like the ocean.
  • Layered fluid structures can also form chaotically in confined systems, such as coffee with milk.
  • Controlled methods for generating layered fluids are crucial for material science applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the controlled formation of layered fluid structures via fluid injection.
  • To identify the critical conditions necessary for layering emergence.
  • To establish a quantitative link between the observed layering and double-diffusive convection principles.

Main Methods:

  • Controlled injection of one fluid into a miscible phase.

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  • Systematic variation of injection velocity and fluid properties.
  • Quantitative analysis of emergent layered structures and their dynamics.

    • Main Results:

    • Layering emerges above a critical injection velocity within minutes.
    • Critical conditions for layering were identified and quantitatively characterized.
    • The observed layering phenomenon was quantitatively related to double-diffusive convection.

    Conclusions:

    • Controlled fluid injection is a viable method for generating layered fluid structures.
    • This process can be leveraged to create soft materials with spatially controlled, step-wise variations in elastic properties.
    • The findings provide a novel, single-step approach for fabricating functional soft materials.