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Neoantigens Generated by Individual Mutations and Their Role in Cancer Immunity and Immunotherapy

Mirjana Efremova1, Francesca Finotello1, Dietmar Rieder1

  • 1Biocenter, Division of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.

Frontiers in Immunology
|December 14, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Tumors trigger immune responses via neoantigens, which are peptides from mutated genes. Identifying these neoantigens is crucial for enhancing cancer immunotherapies like checkpoint blockers and vaccines.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Tumors elicit adaptive immune responses.
  • Neoantigens, peptides from mutated genes, drive effective T-cell responses.
  • Characterizing neoantigens is vital for cancer immunotherapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review methods for neoantigen quantification.
  • To summarize the neoantigen landscape in solid cancers.
  • To discuss the role of neoantigens in cancer immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Introduction to next-generation sequencing (NGS) for neoantigen quantification.
  • Summary of tools and results for neoantigen landscape characterization.
  • Discussion of emerging aspects like tumor heterogeneity and immunoediting.

Main Results:

  • Methods for quantifying neoantigens using NGS data are presented.
  • The neoantigen landscape in solid cancers is characterized.
  • The importance of neoantigens in various cancer immunotherapies is discussed.

Conclusions:

  • Neoantigen identification and characterization are critical for advancing cancer immunotherapy.
  • Understanding neoantigens improves efficacy of checkpoint blockers, vaccination, and adoptive T-cell transfer.
  • Future prospects involve integrating tumor heterogeneity and immunoediting insights.
Keywords:
cancer vaccinesimmunoeditingnext-generation sequencingsomatic mutationstumor heterogeneity

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