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Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

Nuclear Protein Sorting

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Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry nuclear localization signals or NLS recognized by import receptors in the cytosol. Similarly, proteins with nuclear export signals are recognized by export receptors. Import and export receptors are...
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Nuclear Localization Signals and Import01:46

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Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry short stretches of amino acid sequences called the nuclear localization signal or NLS. Classical nuclear localization signals are of two types: monopartite and bipartite NLS. Monopartite classical NLS (cNLS) consists of a single cluster of 4-8 amino acids. Bipartite cNLS consists of two clusters of  2-3 amino acids and a 9-12 residue long proline-rich linker bridging the two clusters. Signal clusters are rich in positively charged amino acids such as...
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The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
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Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
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Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
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A new role for the nuclear basket network.

Paola Gallardo1, Silvia Salas-Pino1, Rafael R Daga1

  • 1Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Junta de Andalucia, Seville, Spain.

Microbial Cell (Graz, Austria)
|December 14, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) regulate genome stability. Fission yeast nucleoporin Alm1 ensures proteasome localization, maintaining kinetochore homeostasis and chromosome segregation.

Keywords:
Alm1TPR nucleoporinsfission yeastkinetochorenuclear pore complexproteasome

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are traditionally viewed as gateways but increasingly recognized for roles in genome regulation.
  • NPCs and their basket components scaffold silencing factors, chromatin regulators, and cell cycle controllers.
  • NPC basket components are crucial for mRNA production, export, and preventing unprocessed mRNA release.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the novel function of the fission yeast nuclear basket component, Alm1.
  • To elucidate the role of Alm1 in proteasome localization at the nuclear envelope.
  • To understand how Alm1-mediated proteasome localization impacts kinetochore homeostasis and chromosome segregation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized fission yeast as a model organism.
  • Investigated the localization of the proteasome at the nuclear envelope.
  • Examined the role of the translocated promoter region (TPR) nucleoporin Alm1.

Main Results:

  • Identified a novel function for Alm1 in regulating proteasome localization to the nuclear envelope.
  • Demonstrated that Alm1 is key to maintaining kinetochore homeostasis.
  • Showed that Alm1-mediated proteasome localization is essential for proper chromosome segregation.

Conclusions:

  • Alm1 plays a critical role in nuclear envelope proteasome localization.
  • Proper proteasome localization by Alm1 is vital for maintaining kinetochore stability.
  • This mechanism ensures accurate chromosome segregation, highlighting NPCs' expanded role in genome maintenance.