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Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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[Non-coding RNA : Innovative regulators with therapeutic perspective].

A Bührke1, C Bär2, T Thum3,4

  • 1Institut für Molekulare und Translationale Therapiestrategien (IMTTS), Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Deutschland.

Herz
|December 14, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Most gene transcripts are non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), impacting health and disease. These ncRNAs offer new therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers for conditions like cardiovascular diseases.

Keywords:
BiomarkerCardiovascular diseasesLong noncoding RNAMicroRNANoncoding ribonucleic acids

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The Human Genome Project revealed that only a small fraction of gene transcripts encode proteins.
  • The majority of transcripts are non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), crucial for physiological and pathological processes.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key types of ncRNAs involved in disease regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the significance of ncRNAs in human health and disease.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of ncRNAs, particularly in cardiovascular diseases.
  • To discuss the application of ncRNAs as diagnostic markers.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on ncRNAs and their roles in disease.
  • Analysis of the impact of ncRNAs on physiological and pathological mechanisms.
  • Examination of therapeutic strategies targeting ncRNA expression.

Main Results:

  • ncRNAs play a critical role in diverse physiological and pathological mechanisms.
  • Specific ncRNAs, including miRNAs and lncRNAs, are implicated in the development of numerous illnesses, notably cardiovascular diseases.
  • ncRNAs in plasma show promise as non-invasive diagnostic markers.

Conclusions:

  • ncRNAs represent a significant area for discovering novel therapeutic approaches.
  • Targeting ncRNA expression offers a new avenue for treating diseases.
  • ncRNAs hold potential for early disease detection and monitoring.