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Cardioprotective anti-hyperglycaemic medications: a review of clinical trials

Haitham M Ahmed1, Haitham Khraishah2, Leslie Cho1

  • 1Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Desk JB1 Cleveland, OH, USA.

European Heart Journal
|December 14, 2017
PubMed

Insights

New diabetes drugs, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1-R) agonists, show promise in reducing cardiovascular mortality in type 2 diabetes patients.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in diabetic patients.
  • Traditional glycaemic control methods have limited success in reducing cardiovascular mortality.
  • Novel anti-hyperglycaemic medications show potential for cardiovascular risk reduction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the results of recent trials on novel anti-hyperglycaemic medications.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms of action and cardioprotective pathways of these drugs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of four major cardiovascular randomized controlled trials: EMPA-REG, CANVAS, LEADER, and SUSTAIN-6.
  • Analysis of data on empagliflozin, canagliflozin, liraglutide, and semaglutide efficacy in reducing cardiovascular events.

Main Results:

  • Empagliflozin, canagliflozin, liraglutide, and semaglutide demonstrated a decrease in cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes.
  • Empagliflozin received FDA approval for reducing cardiovascular mortality in type 2 diabetes.

Conclusions:

  • Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1-R) agonists represent a significant advancement in managing cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes.
  • These novel drug classes offer cardioprotective benefits beyond glycaemic control.

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