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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

4.1K
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation01:10

Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation

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The development of all multicellular organisms starts with the fusion of haploid cells called sperm and egg to form a diploid zygote. A zygote is a totipotent cell that can develop into a complete organism. The zygote undergoes cell division or cleavage to form an 8-cell mass. Until this stage, the cells are spherical, loosely attached, and remain totipotent. Totipotent cells are capable of developing both the embryonic and the extraembryonic tissues. However, as they continue to divide, they...
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Cleavage and Blastulation01:33

Cleavage and Blastulation

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After a large-single-celled zygote is produced via fertilization, the process of cleavage occurs while zygotes travel through the uterine tube. Cleavage is a mitotic cell division that does not result in growth. With each round of successive cell division, daughter cells get increasingly smaller.
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In ovo Expression of MicroRNA in Ventral Chick Midbrain
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Bimodal Evolutionary Developmental miRNA Program in Animal Embryogenesis.

Gal Avital1,2, Gustavo S França2, Itai Yanai2

  • 1Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.

Molecular Biology and Evolution
|December 14, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) exhibit distinct expression patterns during animal development. Early miRNAs repress targets, while late miRNAs fine-tune gene expression for cell type canalization.

Keywords:
embryogenesisevolutionary and developmental biologygene regulationmiRNAs

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial regulators of gene expression.
  • Their organismal-scale deployment during development remains poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate miRNA function across animal development using an evolutionary developmental approach.
  • To characterize miRNA expression dynamics during embryogenesis in model organisms.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of miRNA expression profiles during embryogenesis.
  • Utilized Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster as model systems.
  • Examined phylogenetic conservation and target interaction of miRNAs.

Main Results:

  • Identified two dominant miRNA expression profiles: early and late, linked to a mid-developmental transition.
  • Late-expressed miRNAs are phylogenetically conserved and fine-tune target gene expression.
  • Early-expressed miRNAs show inverse expression with targets, indicating strong inhibition.

Conclusions:

  • miRNA function during animal development is bimodal.
  • Early miRNAs primarily act in gene repression, while late miRNAs are involved in physiological roles and cell-type canalization.