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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 17, 2026

A Common Marmoset Model of Mother-Infant Intervention for Breastfeeding Disorders in the Presence of Paternal Inhibition and Maternal Neglect

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Human infancy and parenting in global perspective: specificity.

Marc H Bornstein¹, Diane L Putnick², Yoonjung Park²

¹Child and Family Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6555 Rock Spring Drive, Suite 220, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA marc_h_bornstein@nih.gov.

Proceedings. Biological Sciences

|December 15, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Early human development shows societal differences in infant behaviors and parenting. Infant actions and maternal practices are specific, not broadly related across diverse cultures.

Keywords:

cross-society infancy mother–infant interaction parenting

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Area of Science:

Developmental Psychology
Cross-Cultural Studies
Human Behavior

Background:

Understanding early human development and parental caregiving is crucial.
Previous research often lacked a cross-societal perspective.
The specificity framework offers a new lens for analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate societal variations in infant behaviors and parenting practices.
To examine the coherence within infant behaviors and maternal practices.
To determine the specific links between infant behaviors and maternal practices across cultures.

Main Methods:

Utilized data from 796 infant-mother dyads across 11 societies.
Microanalyzed infant behaviors and maternal parenting practices from home interaction videorecordings.
Focused on firstborn five-month-old infants and their mothers.

Main Results:

Significant mean-level differences in infant behaviors and maternal practices were observed across societies.
Infant behaviors did not generally cohere into distinct domains, nor did maternal practices.
Only specific infant behaviors were found to correspond with specific maternal practices.
Societal context minimally moderated the observed relationships.

Conclusions:

Findings support the principle of behavioral specificity in early development.
Both universal biological factors and contextual cultural influences shape infant and maternal behaviors.
Parenting and infant behavior are not monolithic but consist of specific, context-dependent interactions.