Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Videos

Exogenous ochronosis: an epidemiological study.

N Hardwick1, L W Van Gelder, C A Van der Merwe

  • 1Department of Dermatology, University of Pretoria, South Africa.

The British Journal of Dermatology
|February 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Evaluation of safety and efficacy of p53MVA vaccine combined with pembrolizumab in patients with advanced solid cancers.

Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico·2018
Same author

Multiple haematological malignancies in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis without exposure to disease modifying therapy.

Annals of the rheumatic diseases·2006
Same author

A cluster of papules on the buttock of a teenager.

Clinical and experimental dermatology·2005
Same author

Genetic and functional analyses of FH mutations in multiple cutaneous and uterine leiomyomatosis, hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cancer, and fumarate hydratase deficiency.

Human molecular genetics·2003
Same author

Xeroderma pigmentosum: the role of phototesting.

The British journal of dermatology·2000
Same author

Multiple myeloma and Kaposi's sarcoma: what is the association?

The British journal of dermatology·2000
Same journal

Does loss of chromosome Y in blood contribute to the sex disparity of dermatitis and eczema at older ages?

The British journal of dermatology·2026
Same journal

Soluble CD83 reverses alopecia areata via IDO-mediated Treg cell activation.

The British journal of dermatology·2026
Same journal

Durability of Response to Icotrokinra in Adults With Moderate-to-Severe Plaque Psoriasis: One-Year Results From the Phase 3, Placebo- and Active Comparator-Controlled ICONIC-ADVANCE 1 & ICONIC-ADVANCE 2 Trials.

The British journal of dermatology·2026
Same journal

Clinicopathological features of lymphocytic thrombophilic arteritis and the relationship with livedoid vasculopathy - a case series of 36 patients.

The British journal of dermatology·2026
Same journal

Improving Prognostication for Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

The British journal of dermatology·2026
Same journal

Recurrent and novel GLTP variants in five patients with nonsyndromic epidermal differentiation disorder: phenotypic and genotypic expansion.

The British journal of dermatology·2026
See all related articles

Skin lightening products are strongly linked to exogenous ochronosis in South African black individuals. Even low-concentration hydroquinone with sunscreen can cause this condition, highlighting significant public health concerns.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Public Health
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Exogenous ochronosis is a skin condition linked to topical agent use.
  • Skin lightening preparations are widely used in certain populations.
  • The association between these preparations and exogenous ochronosis requires investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between exogenous ochronosis and skin lightening product use.
  • To determine the prevalence of exogenous ochronosis in black individuals in South Africa.
  • To identify demographic and behavioral factors associated with exogenous ochronosis.

Main Methods:

  • A survey was conducted among black individuals attending general outpatient departments.
  • Data collected included the use of skin lightening preparations and the presence of exogenous ochronosis.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Demographic, clinical, and behavioral aspects were also recorded.

    • Main Results:

    • Exogenous ochronosis was found in 15% of males and 42% of females.
    • The prevalence of exogenous ochronosis was 69% among users of skin lighteners.
    • Inverse relationship to education and female predominance were associated with ochronosis.
    • Products with 2% hydroquinone or less, even with sunscreen, were found to cause ochronosis.

    Conclusions:

    • Skin lightening preparations are a significant cause of exogenous ochronosis in the studied population.
    • The prevalence is high among users, indicating a public health issue.
    • Even low-concentration hydroquinone and sunscreen combinations can induce ochronosis.