Fluid consumption pattern and hydration among 8-14 years-old children
Dimitris Bougatsas1, Giannis Arnaoutis1, Demosthenes B Panagiotakos1
1Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
Insights
Drinking water and milk is linked to better hydration in children. Conversely, consuming regular soda and other sugary drinks is associated with poorer hydration, as measured by urine osmolality.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Nutrition
- Hydration Science
- Dietary Pattern Analysis
Background:
- Children's fluid intake is crucial for meeting hydration needs.
- The impact of various fluid types on children's hydration status is not well understood.
- Understanding fluid intake patterns can inform public health recommendations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify distinct fluid intake patterns in children.
- To investigate the association between these fluid intake patterns and hydration status.
- To utilize 24-hour urine osmolality as a biomarker for hydration.
Main Methods:
- Factor analysis was used to derive fluid intake patterns from self-reported consumption of six fluid categories.
- 210 healthy children (105 girls) participated, recording fluid intake over two days.
- Urine osmolality was measured on the second day to assess hydration levels.
Main Results:
- Six fluid consumption patterns were identified.
- A pattern characterized by water and milk intake was significantly associated with lower urine osmolality (indicating better hydration).
- A pattern involving regular soda and other drinks (excluding water) was linked to higher urine osmolality (indicating poorer hydration).
Conclusions:
- Fluid intake patterns significantly influence hydration status in children.
- Promoting water and milk consumption may enhance hydration.
- Reducing intake of regular soda and other non-water beverages could improve children's hydration.
Background/Objectives:
Children consume various fluids to meet dietary water intake needs. However, the contribution of different fluid types on hydration is unclear. The purpose of this study was to develop fluid intake patterns and examine their association with hydration, as indicated by 24-h urine osmolality.
Subjects/Methods:
Two hundred ten (105 girls) healthy children (height: 1.49 ± 0.13 m, weight: 43.4 ± 12.6 kg, body fat: 25.2 ± 7.8%) recorded their fluid intake for two consecutive days, and collected their urine for 24-h during the 2nd day, while conducting their normal daily activities. Urine samples were analyzed for specific gravity and osmolality. Factor analysis with principal components method was applied to extract dietary patterns from six fluid groups. Linear regression analysis evaluated the associations between the extracted dietary patterns and hydration based on 24-h urine osmolality.
Results:
The analysis revealed the following six components: 1, characterized by consumption of milk and fresh juice, but not packaged juice; 2, by regular soda and other drinks, but not water; 3, by fresh juice and other drinks; 4, by packaged juice, but not regular soda; 5, by water and milk; and 6, by fresh juice. Component 5 was negatively correlated with urine osmolality (P = 0.001) indicating better hydration, whereas component 2 was positively correlated with urine osmolality (P = 0.001).
Conclusions:
A drinking pattern based on water and milk was associated with better hydration, as indicated by lower urine osmolality, whereas drinking regular soda and other drinks but not water was associated with inferior hydration.
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