Second Branchial Anomalies: A Study of 94 Cases

Area of Science:

• Otolaryngology
• Pediatric Surgery
• Medical Genetics

Background:

• Branchial anomalies are congenital malformations of the second branchial arch.
• Understanding their demographics and management is crucial for effective treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze the demographical data and management of second branchial anomalies.
• To identify patterns in presentation, laterality, and familial association.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective analysis of 94 patients with second branchial anomalies.
• Data collected from January 2006 to September 2016 at a tertiary care center.

Main Results:

• Branchial fistulae were most common (followed by sinuses), presenting earlier than cysts.
• Males were predominantly affected (2.91:1 ratio), with anomalies more frequent on the right side.
• Familial association was noted in bilateral cases, which presented earlier.

Conclusions:

• Early and complete surgical excision is the primary treatment for branchial anomalies.
• Preoperative imaging and intraoperative dye injection are not mandatory for all cases.
• Post-operative wound infection is the most common complication.