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Life expectancy after the first suicide attempt.

J Jokinen1,2, M Talbäck3, M Feychting3

  • 1Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
|December 15, 2017
PubMed
Summary
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Individuals who attempt suicide experience significantly reduced life expectancy. Public health initiatives must address both physical health conditions and suicide prevention in this vulnerable population.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Suicide attempts represent a significant public health concern.
  • Understanding the long-term mortality risks for suicide attempters is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the excess mortality and reduced life expectancy among individuals who have attempted suicide compared to the general population.
  • To examine the impact of suicide attempts on lifespan across different age groups and genders.

Main Methods:

  • A nationwide cohort study in Sweden included 187,894 individuals hospitalized for a first-time suicide attempt between 1971 and 2010.
  • Life expectancy calculations were performed for individuals aged 18 and older at the time of their first suicide attempt.
Keywords:
comorbiditylife expectancymortalitysuicidesuicide attempt

Related Experiment Videos

Main Results:

  • Life expectancy was substantially shortened for both men and women after a suicide attempt.
  • For men attempting suicide at age 20, life expectancy decreased by 18 years; for women, it decreased by 11 years.
  • Physical health conditions accounted for the majority of excess deaths, with suicide deaths comprising 20% within 10 years and 5% over four decades post-attempt.

Conclusions:

  • Suicide attempts dramatically reduce life expectancy, with most excess mortality stemming from physical health issues.
  • Public health strategies should integrate physical health improvement with suicide prevention efforts for attempters.