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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
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Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

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The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...
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Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS01:21

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Pharmacological therapies for IBS-C are designed to alleviate abdominal discomfort and enhance bowel function. In patients with IBS-C, fiber supplements may help soften stools and decrease straining, but may also lead to increased gas production and bloating. Osmotic laxatives like milk of magnesia are frequently used to soften stools and increase stool frequency in IBS-C patients. In addition, two drugs approved for use in severe IBS-C adult cases are linaclotide (Linzess) and lubiprostone...
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Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

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Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
Rectal Inspection
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease01:24

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COPD is defined as a heterogeneous lung condition marked by persistent respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and sputum production, caused by abnormalities in the airways that cause airflow obstruction.
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Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Bulk-Forming and Stimulant Laxatives01:22

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Bulk-Forming and Stimulant Laxatives

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Laxatives enhance bowel movements and alleviate constipation. They augment the stool's bulk, stimulate intestinal muscle contractions, draw water into the intestines, or soften the stool. There are five key types of laxatives: bulk laxatives, stimulant laxatives, osmotic laxatives, stool softeners, and lubricant laxatives.
Bulk-forming laxatives, such as psyllium, methylcellulose, and polycarbophil, absorb water in the intestine, increasing stool bulk and promoting bowel movement. This...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Acupoint Application Combined with Acupoint Massage for Treating Constipation in a Patient with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
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Chronic constipation.

Michael Camilleri1, Alexander C Ford2, Gary M Mawe3

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Charlton Bldg., Rm. 8-110, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.

Nature Reviews. Disease Primers
|December 15, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic constipation significantly impacts quality of life. Diagnosis involves excluding alarm features, followed by specialized tests for rectal evacuation or slow-transit constipation if initial treatments fail.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Digestive Health
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Chronic constipation is a widespread condition affecting adult quality of life.
  • Primary chronic constipation encompasses normal-transit, rectal evacuation, and slow-transit subtypes with overlapping symptoms.
  • Diagnosis requires excluding organic causes and initial therapeutic trials before specialized investigations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an introductory overview of chronic constipation in adults.
  • To cover epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic approaches, and management strategies.
  • To discuss the impact on quality of life for non-opioid-induced chronic constipation.

Main Methods:

  • Exclusion of 'alarm' features to rule out organic diseases.
  • Therapeutic trial of first-line treatments including diet, lifestyle, and laxatives.
  • Specialized investigations such as anorectal function testing and colonic transit studies if needed.

Main Results:

  • Diagnosis is a multistep process.
  • Treatment mainstays include diet, lifestyle, and pharmacological therapy.
  • Surgery is a rare intervention option.

Conclusions:

  • Chronic constipation is a complex condition requiring a systematic diagnostic approach.
  • Management strategies are tailored based on diagnostic findings.
  • Understanding pathophysiology and diagnostic tools is crucial for effective patient care.