Regulation of microvascular function by voltage-gated potassium channels: New tricks for an "ancient" dog

Arterial tone is tightly regulated by a variety of potassium (K⁺ ) permeable ion channels at the sarcolemma of vascular smooth muscle cells. In particular, several types of K_V channels provide a significant hyperpolarizing influence and serve to oppose pressure and agonist-induced membrane depolarization to promote smooth muscle relaxation and augmentation of vascular diameter and blood flow. In recent years, a number of studies have underscored previously unknown roles for particular K_V subunits, new modes of channel regulation, and distinct cellular functions for these channels during physiological and pathological conditions. In this overview, we highlight articles contained in this Special Topics Issue that focus on the latest, most exciting advancements in the field of K_V channels in the microcirculation. The collection of articles aims to highlight important new discoveries and controversies in the field of vascular K_V channels as well as to shed light on key questions that require additional investigation.