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Association between allergic diseases, allergic sensitization and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in
Chia-Feng Yang1, Chen-Chang Yang2, I-Jen Wang3
1Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
Insights
Children with atopic dermatitis and asthma, who are allergic sensitized, show increased risk for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Early allergen exposure control may help reduce ADHD burden.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Allergy and Immunology
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Background:
- Rising rates of allergic diseases and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) observed globally.
- Previous research on the link between ADHD and allergic diseases yielded inconsistent findings.
- The role of allergic sensitization in modifying the association between allergic diseases and ADHD remains unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between allergic diseases, allergic sensitization, and ADHD in children.
- To determine if allergic sensitization status influences the relationship between allergic diseases and ADHD.
Main Methods:
- A large-scale, cross-sectional, population-based survey was conducted.
- Skin prick tests were performed on children aged 3-6 years for common allergens.
- Data on allergic diseases, environmental exposures, and physician-diagnosed ADHD were collected and analyzed using multiple logistic regressions.
Main Results:
- Out of 2772 children, 14.8% had atopic dermatitis, 34.4% had allergic rhinitis, 16.3% had asthma, and 1.01% had ADHD.
- Children with atopic dermatitis and asthma, accompanied by allergic sensitization, had a significantly increased risk for ADHD (ORs 4.50 and 3.65, respectively).
- Associations between ADHD and allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, or food allergies were observed but did not reach statistical significance.
Conclusions:
- Atopic dermatitis and asthma, when combined with allergic sensitization, are associated with an elevated risk of ADHD in children.
- Allergic sensitization is a key factor in the development of allergic diseases.
- Early intervention strategies focusing on environmental and allergen exposure control may mitigate the impact of ADHD.
Background:
Increasing prevalence of allergic diseases has been matched by parallel trends in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, previous studies concerning the association between ADHD and allergic diseases have been inconsistent. Moreover, it is not clear whether this association is modified by allergic sensitization status. Therefore, we evaluated the association between allergic diseases, allergic sensitization, and ADHD in children.
Methods:
We conducted a large-scale cross-sectional, population-based survey to investigate the relationship between allergic diseases, allergic sensitization, and ADHD. Children aged between 3 and 6 years were selected from kindergartens, and received skin prick tests (SPTs) for mite, cockroach, dog, milk, egg, and crab allergens. Information about allergic diseases, environmental exposures, and physician-diagnosed ADHD were collected. Multiple logistic regressions were performed to estimate the association between allergic diseases and ADHD, with adjustments made for potential confounders.
Result:
A total of 2772 children were found to be eligible for analysis; of these 411 (14.8%) had atopic dermatitis (AD), 954 (34.4%) had allergic rhinitis (AR), 451 (16.3%) had asthma, and 28 (1.01%) had ADHD. Children who had AD and asthma with allergic sensitization were found to be at increased risk for ADHD, with adjusted ORs (95% CI) of 4.50 (1.28-15.86) and 3.65 (1.07-12.49). Children who had AR, allergic conjunctivitis, or food allergies were also related to ADHD, though failed to reach statistical significance.
Conclusion:
Our results suggest that AD and asthma with allergic sensitization are associated with ADHD in children. As allergic sensitization is an increased factor of developing allergic diseases, early control of environmental and allergens exposure could help to modify the burden of ADHD.
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