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High-Level and Low-Level Awareness01:19

High-Level and Low-Level Awareness

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Controlled processes in human consciousness represent high-alert mental states where individuals deliberately focus their attention on achieving specific goals. Controlled processes can be seen in situations like mastering new technology, where a person might become so absorbed that they ignore surrounding distractions. Such processes involve selective attention, requiring one to concentrate on particular elements of experience while disregarding others. These are governed by executive...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 16, 2026

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
10:38

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More visual mind wandering occurrence during visual task performance: Modality of the concurrent task affects how the

HeeSun Choi1, Michael Geden1, Jing Feng1

  • 1Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America.

Plos One
|December 15, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Mind wandering often mirrors the sensory form of concurrent tasks, challenging previous theories. This suggests a complex interplay between internal thought and external focus, not a simple independent process.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Attention Studies

Background:

  • Mind wandering is theorized as independent of or secondary to concurrent tasks.
  • Existing models predict mind wandering form (image/word) is unaffected by task modality (visual/auditory).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between the form of mind wandering and the modality of concurrent tasks.
  • To challenge existing theoretical accounts of mind wandering.

Main Methods:

  • Measured the rate and form of mind wandering across three conditions: fixation, visual 2-back task, and auditory 2-back task.
  • Analyzed the congruence between mind wandering content and task modality.

Main Results:

  • Mind wandering was significantly more likely to adopt the same form (visual or auditory) as the concurrent task.
  • This finding contradicts the expectation that task modality should not influence mind wandering form.

Conclusions:

  • The results suggest an interaction between internally and externally oriented mental processes, possibly due to overlapping neural activations.
  • Mind wandering should be viewed as a multifaceted construct, not a unitary phenomenon.
  • Future research should consider the interplay between internal cognition and external task demands.