Modified risk associations of lipoproteins and apolipoproteins by chronic low-grade inflammation

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Medicine
• Metabolic Disorders
• Inflammation Research

Background:

• Lipoproteins and apolipoproteins are key factors in cardiovascular diseases (CVD), metabolic, renal, and inflammatory disorders.
• Traditional associations of LDL-C, apoB (risk), and HDL-C, apoA-I (protection) with CVD are being re-evaluated.
• Factors like age, adiposity, ethnicity, and impaired glucose intolerance can trigger autoimmune activation in a pro-inflammatory state, disrupting linear lipoprotein-CVD risk associations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review modified risk associations of lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in chronic low-grade inflammation.
• To emphasize the non-linear relationship of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] as a significant cardiometabolic risk biomarker.

Main Methods:

• Literature review summarizing current research on lipoprotein-CVD risk.
• Focus on studies investigating the impact of inflammation and oxidative stress.
• Analysis of the role of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] in complex risk environments.

Main Results:

• Chronic systemic inflammation and oxidative stress modify the established risk associations of lipoproteins and apolipoproteins.
• The relationship between lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] and cardiometabolic risk is non-linear and warrants further investigation.
• Autoimmune activation in inflammatory states may interfere with immunoassay accuracy.

Conclusions:

• Inflammation and oxidative stress disrupt linear lipoprotein-CVD risk associations.
• Further research on susceptible populations and methodological improvements in immunoassays are crucial.
• Understanding these complex interactions is vital for advancing CVD risk prediction and management.