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Fungi are a diverse group of eukaryotes more closely related to animals than other eukaryotes. Fungal cell walls comprise chitin, a polysaccharide that provides structural strength, and glucans, which contribute to flexibility and integrity. Other polysaccharides, such as mannans and galactosans, may supplement or replace chitin in some fungi. These adaptations, along with their preference for acidic environments and tolerance for high osmotic pressure, enable fungi to thrive in various...
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Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
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Microsporidia are a group of obligate intracellular fungi that were initially classified as protists but were later reclassified based on phylogenetic, molecular, and structural evidence linking them to the Chytridiomycota. These unicellular, non-motile organisms are highly specialized parasites that infect a wide range of animal hosts, including humans. They have evolved extensive genomic and metabolic reductions, making them highly dependent on their hosts for survival.Morphology and Genomic...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Examination of Mitotic and Meiotic Fission Yeast Nuclear Dynamics by Fluorescence Live-cell Microscopy
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Examination of Mitotic and Meiotic Fission Yeast Nuclear Dynamics by Fluorescence Live-cell Microscopy

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Nuclear movement in fungi.

Xin Xiang1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences - F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology
|December 16, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Nuclear movement in fungi relies on cytoplasmic dynein motors and microtubule dynamics. These mechanisms ensure proper nuclear positioning for cell division and development.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Mycology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Nuclear movement is essential in eukaryotic cells, particularly in fungi like yeasts and filamentous fungi.
  • Cytoplasmic dynein, a minus-end-directed microtubule motor, is crucial for nuclear positioning and spindle orientation.
  • Specific proteins like Num1 and motor proteins like myosin V, along with microtubule dynamics, facilitate nuclear transport.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms underlying nuclear movement in fungal organisms.
  • To discuss the importance of precise nuclear positioning during fungal life cycles.
  • To explore regulatory strategies ensuring correct nucleus and spindle placement.

Main Methods:

  • Fungal molecular genetic studies
  • Microscopic observation of nuclear and spindle behavior
Keywords:
DyneinFilamentous fungiNuclear migrationSpindle orientationYeast

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  • Analysis of protein interactions (e.g., dynein-Num1, Kar9-Bim1/EB1)
  • Investigation of microtubule dynamics and forces

    • Main Results:

    • Dynein anchored by Num1 pulls astral microtubules to orient the spindle.
    • Myosin V, interacting with Kar9-Bim1/EB1, guides nucleus movement along actin cables.
    • Microtubule polymerization/depolymerization generates forces for nuclear translocation.
    • Filamentous fungi exhibit dynein-dependent nuclear movements influenced by cytoplasmic streaming.

    Conclusions:

    • Nuclear movement in fungi is a complex process involving multiple motor proteins and cytoskeletal elements.
    • Proper nuclear positioning is vital for fungal development, cell division, and pathogenesis.
    • Understanding these mechanisms provides insights into cellular organization and regulation in fungi.