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Examination of Mitotic and Meiotic Fission Yeast Nuclear Dynamics by Fluorescence Live-cell Microscopy
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Examination of Mitotic and Meiotic Fission Yeast Nuclear Dynamics by Fluorescence Live-cell Microscopy

Published on: June 24, 2019

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Nuclear movement in fungi

Xin Xiang1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences - F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology
|December 16, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Nuclear movement in fungi relies on cytoplasmic dynein motors and microtubule dynamics. These mechanisms ensure proper nuclear positioning for cell division and development.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Mycology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Nuclear movement is essential in eukaryotic cells, particularly in fungi like yeasts and filamentous fungi.
  • Cytoplasmic dynein, a minus-end-directed microtubule motor, is crucial for nuclear positioning and spindle orientation.
  • Specific proteins like Num1 and motor proteins like myosin V, along with microtubule dynamics, facilitate nuclear transport.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms underlying nuclear movement in fungal organisms.
  • To discuss the importance of precise nuclear positioning during fungal life cycles.
  • To explore regulatory strategies ensuring correct nucleus and spindle placement.

Main Methods:

  • Fungal molecular genetic studies
  • Microscopic observation of nuclear and spindle behavior
  • Analysis of protein interactions (e.g., dynein-Num1, Kar9-Bim1/EB1)
  • Investigation of microtubule dynamics and forces

Main Results:

  • Dynein anchored by Num1 pulls astral microtubules to orient the spindle.
  • Myosin V, interacting with Kar9-Bim1/EB1, guides nucleus movement along actin cables.
  • Microtubule polymerization/depolymerization generates forces for nuclear translocation.
  • Filamentous fungi exhibit dynein-dependent nuclear movements influenced by cytoplasmic streaming.

Conclusions:

  • Nuclear movement in fungi is a complex process involving multiple motor proteins and cytoskeletal elements.
  • Proper nuclear positioning is vital for fungal development, cell division, and pathogenesis.
  • Understanding these mechanisms provides insights into cellular organization and regulation in fungi.
Keywords:
DyneinFilamentous fungiNuclear migrationSpindle orientationYeast

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