Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 16, 2026
09:19
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Cancer Drug Sensitization In Vitro and In Vivo
Published on: February 6, 2015
9.2K
Modernizing Human Cancer Risk Assessment of Therapeutics
Mark R Fielden1, Lucas D Ward1, Sheroy Minocherhomji1
1Amgen, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA.
Trends in Pharmacological Sciences
|December 16, 2017
Summary
Traditional rodent models for cancer risk assessment in therapeutics show poor translatability. New human-based models and biomarkers are needed to accurately evaluate therapeutic cancer risk.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Toxicology
- Genetics
Background:
- Rodent models for evaluating therapeutic cancer risk have limitations in translatability to human outcomes.
- Understanding cancer mechanisms and human genetic variations is crucial for accurate risk assessment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and highlight new approaches for assessing the carcinogenic risk of therapeutics.
- To explore the development of human-based in vitro models and biomarkers for cancer risk evaluation.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on carcinogenesis and therapeutic risk assessment.
- Discussion of advancements in understanding human genome variation's role in cancer.
- Exploration of novel human-based in vitro models and biomarker strategies.
Main Results:
- Identified limitations in current rodent-based cancer risk assessment models.
- Highlighted the importance of human-specific data and models.
- Proposed a shift towards human-based in vitro systems and biomarkers.
Conclusions:
- New human-based in vitro models and biomarkers offer improved accuracy for therapeutic cancer risk assessment.
- Integrating knowledge of carcinogenesis mechanisms and human genetics is key.
- This approach promises more reliable evaluation of novel therapeutics' safety.
Keywords:
carcinogenicitygenome-wide association studiesgenomic instabilityhuman biomarkersnext-generation sequencingreplication stressMore Related Videos
09:20Preclinical Assessment of the Bioactivity of the Anticancer Coumarin OT48 by Spheroids, Colony Formation Assays, and Zebrafish Xenografts
Published on: June 26, 2018
8.8K
05:39Author Spotlight: Radiotherapy and Clonogenic Assays for Advancing Cancer Research and Personalized Medicine
Published on: April 5, 2024
1.3K
Related Concept Videos
01:25Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity
2.0K
Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity refer to the ability of drugs to cause genetic defects and induce cancer, respectively. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies agents into four groups based on their carcinogenic potential. Group 1 agents are known human carcinogens; group 2A agents are probably carcinogenic to humans; group 3 agents lack data to support their role in carcinogenesis; and group 4 includes agents for which data support that they are not likely to be...
2.0K
02:50Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine
6.2K
Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
6.2K
02:18Cancer
54.6K
Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
54.6K
01:11Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase
15
Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...
15
02:57Targeted Cancer Therapies
9.0K
The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
9.0K
01:23Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches
488
Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
488