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Related Concept Videos

The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

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The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
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Hair Cells01:22

Hair Cells

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Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the auditory system—they transduce mechanical sound waves into electrical energy that the nervous system can understand. Hair cells are located in the organ of Corti within the cochlea of the inner ear, between the basilar and tectorial membranes. The actual sensory receptors are called inner hair cells. The outer hair cells serve other functions, such as sound amplification in the cochlea, and are not discussed in detail here.
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Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

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Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Enhancing Electrode Location Assessment in Cochlear Implantation via Computed Tomography Image Fusion
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Enhancing Electrode Location Assessment in Cochlear Implantation via Computed Tomography Image Fusion

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The influence of cochlear morphology on the final electrode array position.

M C Ketterer1, A Aschendorff2, S Arndt2

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5, 79106, Freiburg, Germany. Manuel.ketterer@gmx.de.

European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology : Official Journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : Affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery
|December 16, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Cochlear size, particularly height, impacts electrode placement during cochlear implant surgery. Smaller cochlear dimensions increase the risk of electrode dislocation and trauma, highlighting the need for preoperative assessment.

Keywords:
Cochlear heightCochlear implant electrode positionCochlear morphologyCochlear sizeCone beam computed tomographyDislocation of electrode arrayElectrode array positionQuality controlSize of the cochlea

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Cochlear implant electrode selection is influenced by patient-specific cochlear anatomy.
  • Variations in cochlear size can lead to challenges during electrode insertion, potentially causing trauma and affecting outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the three-dimensional size and shape of the human cochlea.
  • To investigate interindividual variations in cochlear dimensions.
  • To correlate cochlear size with electrode insertion angle and identify risk factors for intracochlear electrode dislocation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 403 cochlear implant surgeries performed between 2003 and 2010.
  • Use of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) to measure cochlear dimensions (diameter, height) and electrode array position.
  • Comparison of electrode array trajectory, lateral wall measurements, and scalar insertion (scala tympani vs. scala vestibuli).

Main Results:

  • Mean cochlear diameter was 9.95 mm, perpendicular distance 6.54 mm, and height 3.85 mm.
  • Smaller cochlear diameter and height were significantly associated with increased risk of electrode array dislocation.
  • Insertions into the scala vestibuli were associated with significantly smaller cochlear height compared to scala tympani insertions.

Conclusions:

  • Cochlear size and shape exhibit significant interindividual variability.
  • Cochlear height, a newly proposed parameter, appears to be a critical factor in predicting the risk of scalar dislocation.
  • Preoperative assessment of cochlear dimensions, especially height, can inform electrode choice and potentially lead to custom-sized electrode arrays.