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Vitamin D and Multiple Sclerosis: A Comprehensive Review.

Martina B Sintzel1, Mark Rametta2, Anthony T Reder3

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PubMed
Summary

Low vitamin D levels are linked to increased multiple sclerosis (MS) risk and disease activity. Emerging evidence suggests a causal relationship, but more research is needed on supplementation

Keywords:
Autoimmune diseaseHealth outcomesMendelian randomizationMultiple sclerosisOptic neuritisPregnancyRelapsing-remitting MS (RRMS)SupplementationVitamin D

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Observational studies indicate a correlation between serum vitamin D levels and multiple sclerosis (MS) risk and activity.
  • Low vitamin D levels are frequently observed in MS patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review available evidence on the association between serum vitamin D levels and MS.
  • To explore the potential causal relationship and impact on disease activity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search encompassing observational, epidemiological, and Mendelian randomization studies.
  • Inclusion of post-hoc analyses from phase 3 clinical trials (BENEFIT, BEYOND).

Main Results:

  • Data suggest serum vitamin D levels influence MS risk and modify disease activity.
  • Mendelian randomization analyses indicate a causal link between low vitamin D and MS risk.
  • Clinical trial data support observational findings.

Conclusions:

  • Growing evidence links lower vitamin D to increased MS risk and activity.
  • Further large-scale controlled trials are necessary to confirm vitamin D supplementation as a standard MS treatment.