Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...

Tumor Immunotherapy

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Advances in Multiple Sclerosis.

The New England journal of medicine·2026

Same author

Efficacy and safety of a bodyweight-adjusted higher dose of ocrelizumab in relapsing (MUSETTE) and primary progressive (GAVOTTE) multiple sclerosis: two multicentre, randomised, double-blind, parallel-group phase 3b trials.

Lancet (London, England)·2026

Same author

Reply to "Comparative Safety Profiles of Ocrelizumab and Rituximab in Multiple Sclerosis Treatment Using Real-World Evidence".

Annals of neurology·2026

Same author

An optimized MP2RAGE protocol for spinal cord imaging in multiple sclerosis.

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology·2026

Same author

Development of a Diagnostic Autoantibody Assay to a Consensus Motif for the Risk Prediction of Epstein-Barr Virus-Related Multiple Sclerosis.

Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation·2026

Same author

Reply to "Comparative Safety Profiles of Ocrelizumab and Rituximab in Multiple Sclerosis Treatment Using Real-World Evidence".

Annals of neurology·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Author Spotlight: Novel Assay for Studying B-Cell Responses in Multiple Sclerosis Research

Author Spotlight: Novel Assay for Studying B-Cell Responses in Multiple Sclerosis Research

Published on: December 1, 2023

B-cell Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis: Entering an era.

Ariele L Greenfield¹, Stephen L Hauser¹

¹Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.

Annals of Neurology

|December 16, 2017

Summary

B-cell-depleting therapies targeting CD20 are effective treatments for multiple sclerosis (MS), including primary progressive MS. This review covers their role in MS autoimmunity, clinical data, and future directions.

More Related Videos

Imaging CD19+ B Cells in an Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Mouse Model using Positron Emission Tomography

Imaging CD19+ B Cells in an Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Mouse Model using Positron Emission Tomography

Published on: January 20, 2023

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination

Published on: September 12, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Author Spotlight: Novel Assay for Studying B-Cell Responses in Multiple Sclerosis Research

Author Spotlight: Novel Assay for Studying B-Cell Responses in Multiple Sclerosis Research

Published on: December 1, 2023

Imaging CD19+ B Cells in an Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Mouse Model using Positron Emission Tomography

Imaging CD19+ B Cells in an Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Mouse Model using Positron Emission Tomography

Published on: January 20, 2023

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination

Published on: September 12, 2016

Area of Science:

Neuroimmunology
Immunotherapy

Background:

B cells play a complex role in multiple sclerosis (MS) autoimmunity.
Understanding humoral immunity has advanced MS pathogenesis research.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the role of B cells in MS autoimmunity.
To discuss clinical data and practical considerations for anti-CD20 therapies in MS.
To explore future B-cell-based treatment approaches for MS.

Main Methods:

Review of clinical data for anti-CD20 therapies in MS.
Analysis of preclinical and patient-derived data on B cell roles in MS.
Synthesis of current understanding of MS immune pathogenesis.

Main Results:

B-cell-depleting therapy is effective for relapsing MS and shows efficacy in slowing disability progression in primary progressive MS.
Anti-CD20 therapies like ocrelizumab offer a novel treatment option for MS patients.
Clinical experience and research have improved understanding of B cells in MS.

Conclusions:

Anti-CD20 therapies represent a significant advancement in MS treatment.
Further research is needed to define the optimal role and limitations of these therapies.
The future landscape of MS treatment will likely involve refined B-cell-based strategies.