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In situ Rates of Fertilization Among Broadcast Spawning Gorgonian Corals.

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    Marine gorgonian fertilization rates are highly variable, often low, and potentially limited by sperm availability. This variability impacts recruitment and life history evolution in these species.

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    Area of Science:

    • Marine Biology
    • Reproductive Ecology
    • Life History Evolution

    Background:

    • Fertilization rates in marine benthic organisms are often assumed high.
    • In situ fertilization rates during natural spawning are rarely measured.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To measure in situ fertilization rates of Caribbean gorgonians Plexaura kuna and Pseudoplexaura porosa.
    • To identify factors influencing fertilization success and its ecological implications.

    Main Methods:

    • Collected eggs downstream of gorgonian colonies during synchronous spawning events (1988-1994).
    • Incubated collected eggs to determine fertilization success.
    • Assessed fertilization rates under varying sperm concentrations.

    Main Results:

    • Fertilization rates varied widely (0-100%), with monthly means up to 60.4%.
    • Sperm limitation was identified as a key factor reducing fertilization.
    • High variance in fertilization was observed across spatial and temporal scales.

    Conclusions:

    • Fertilization success in these gorgonians is highly variable and often low.
    • Low fertilization rates may limit recruitment and influence life history evolution.
    • Water column heterogeneity, spawning behavior, and currents contribute to fertilization variance.