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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Fiber Optic Distributed Sensors for High-resolution Temperature Field Mapping
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Distributed gas sensing with optical fibre photothermal interferometry.

Yuechuan Lin, Fei Liu, Xiangge He

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    Summary

    This study introduces the first distributed optical fiber gas detection system using photothermal interferometry (PTI) in hollow-core photonic bandgap fibers (HC-PBFs). The novel system achieves high sensitivity for trace-gas detection over long distances.

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    Area of Science:

    • Fiber optics sensing
    • Trace-gas detection
    • Photothermal interferometry

    Background:

    • Distributed optical fiber sensing offers remote and continuous monitoring capabilities.
    • Photothermal interferometry (PTI) is a sensitive technique for detecting light absorption.
    • Hollow-core photonic bandgap fibers (HC-PBFs) can confine light and gas interactions within their core.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and demonstrate the first distributed optical fiber trace-gas detection system using PTI.
    • To investigate the performance of HC-PBFs in a distributed sensing configuration.
    • To establish the limit of detection (LOD) and spatial resolution of the developed system.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized photothermal interferometry (PTI) within a hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber (HC-PBF).
    • Employed a modulated pump laser propagating in the gas-filled HC-PBF to induce phase modulation.
    • Implemented a dual-pulse heterodyne phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (OTDR) system for detection.
    • Conducted quasi-distributed and fully distributed sensing experiments with varying HC-PBF lengths and configurations.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a limit of detection (LOD) of approximately 10 ppb for acetylene in a quasi-distributed setup (2x28m HC-PBFs) with 55 mW pump power.
    • Demonstrated a normalized detection limit of 5.5 ppb·W/√Hz in the quasi-distributed configuration.
    • Obtained a LOD of approximately 5 ppm for acetylene in a 200m distributed sensing cable with 62.5 mW peak pump power.
    • Reported a normalized detection limit of 312 ppb·W/√Hz for the 200m system.
    • Current spatial resolution is ~30m, with potential for improvement to 1m or less.

    Conclusions:

    • Successfully demonstrated the first distributed optical fiber trace-gas detection system based on PTI in HC-PBFs.
    • The system shows promise for sensitive, long-range gas monitoring applications.
    • Further optimization of the phase detection system can significantly enhance spatial resolution.