Radially polarized plasmonic vector vortex generated by a metasurface spiral in gold film

Vector vortices with spatially varying polarization are interesting phenomena and have motivated many recent studies. A vector vortex in the wavefield of a surface plasmon polariton (SPP) may be extended to the sub-wavelength scale, which would be more significant. However, the formation of vector vortices requires the polarization state to possess components parallel to the surface of metal films. In this study, we generated radially polarized vector plasmonic vortices using the metasurface spiral of orthogonal nanoslit pairs. We theoretically derived the x and y component expressions in the central point area of the spiral and obtained a doughnut-shaped intensity distribution with radial polarization. The Jones matrix of the metasurface spiral was generated to describe the polarization characteristics. The results were validated by performing finite-difference time-domain simulations. In addition, we used a Mach-Zehnder interferometer system to extract the intensity and phase distributions of different components of the SPP field. The experimental doughnut-shaped radially polarized vector vortex was consistent with the theoretical and simulated results.