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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

323
Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
323
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

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Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

256
In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
256

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A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data
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Pediatric-Onset Multiple Sclerosis: A Single Center Study.

Erin Yamamoto1, Matthew Ginsberg2, Mary Rensel3

  • 11 Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.

Journal of Child Neurology
|December 17, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (MS) is increasingly diagnosed in children. This study highlights environmental factors like obesity and vitamin D deficiency, and notes higher cortical lesion prevalence in pediatric MS patients.

Keywords:
clinical featuresinvestigationsoutcomepediatric-onset multiple sclerosistreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pediatrics
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) is increasingly diagnosed, yet remains challenging to manage.
  • Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for improving long-term outcomes in children with MS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To retrospectively analyze the epidemiologic, clinical, neuroimaging, and therapeutic characteristics of a growing POMS patient cohort.
  • To identify potential environmental triggers and assess treatment trends in pediatric MS.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective chart review of POMS patients over a 13-year period at a single center.
  • Collection and analysis of data on demographics, clinical presentation, MRI findings, laboratory results, treatments, and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Identified associations between pediatric MS and environmental factors including obesity and vitamin D deficiency.
  • Observed higher prevalence of cortical lesions and abnormal saccadic pursuit compared to existing literature.
  • Documented a shift in therapeutic management towards second-line treatments over the study period.

Conclusions:

  • Environmental factors like obesity and vitamin D deficiency may play a role in pediatric MS development.
  • POMS presents with unique features, including a higher rate of cortical lesions and saccadic abnormalities.
  • Treatment strategies for POMS are evolving, with increased use of second-line therapies.