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Related Concept Videos

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
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Autoimmune thyroid disease during pregnancy.

Simone De Leo1, Elizabeth N Pearce2

  • 1Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA, USA.

The Lancet. Diabetes & Endocrinology
|December 17, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thyroid autoimmunity in pregnant women, even with normal thyroid function, is linked to miscarriage and premature birth. Further research is needed to confirm these associations and understand their causes.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Thyroid function during pregnancy is critical and has been a focus of research, with updated guidelines in 2017.
  • Thyroid autoimmunity, characterized by specific antibodies, affects a significant percentage of pregnant women.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the association between thyroid autoimmunity and pregnancy complications.
  • To explore the impact of thyroid antibodies on fertility and assisted reproductive technologies.
  • To discuss implications for maternal and neonatal health, including postpartum thyroiditis and fetal outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating thyroid autoimmunity in pregnancy.
  • Analysis of associations between thyroid antibodies and pregnancy outcomes.
  • Examination of evidence regarding levothyroxine treatment and postpartum thyroiditis prevention.

Main Results:

  • Thyroid antibodies in euthyroid pregnant women are associated with increased risk of miscarriage and premature delivery.
  • The link between thyroid antibodies and infertility or assisted reproductive technology outcomes requires further investigation.
  • Women with thyroid antibodies have a higher incidence of postpartum thyroiditis.
  • Thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibodies (TRAbs) can cross the placenta, potentially causing fetal or neonatal hyperthyroidism.

Conclusions:

  • Thyroid autoimmunity during pregnancy is linked to adverse outcomes, necessitating further prospective studies for confirmation and mechanistic understanding.
  • Management strategies for pregnant women with thyroid antibodies, including levothyroxine treatment and monitoring for TRAbs, warrant further research.
  • Increased vigilance and monitoring are recommended for pregnant women positive for TRAbs due to the risk of fetal/neonatal hyperthyroidism.