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Decrease of perforin positive CD3+γδ-T cells in patients with obstructive sleep disordered breathing.

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Summary

Sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD) impact immune cells. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is linked to reduced perforin-positive γδ-T cells, particularly in obese patients, potentially affecting cancer surveillance.

Keywords:
CancerObesityObstructive sleep apneaPerforin and granzyme-B-positive peripheral blood lymphocytesSleep-related breathing disorders

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD) disrupt homeostasis, affecting the immune system through sleep fragmentation and intermittent hypoxia.
  • Peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets, including perforin and granzyme-B (GrB) positive cells, are potential indicators of immune system perturbations in SRBD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differences in perforin and granzyme-B positive peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with SRBD, with or without intermittent hypoxia.
  • To compare immune cell profiles between controls and different SRBD patient groups: upper airway resistance (UAR) without hypoxia, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with or without obesity.

Main Methods:

  • Included 87 subjects: 24 controls, 19 UAR patients, 24 obese OSA (oOSA) patients, and 20 non-obese OSA (noOSA) patients.
  • Polysomnography was performed, followed by analysis of routine hematologic and biochemical parameters and lymphocyte subsets expressing perforin and GrB.
  • Statistical analysis utilized Kruskal-Wallis tests and post-hoc comparisons.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in perforin-positive γδ-T cells were observed between groups (p=0.017), notably between controls and oOSA patients (p=0.04).
  • While other SRBD groups showed trends, differences from controls were not statistically significant.
  • Granzyme-B positive cells were decreased in SRBD patients, but this difference lacked statistical significance. No other significant findings in lymphocyte subsets were noted.

Conclusions:

  • Obstructive sleep-disordered breathing is associated with a reduction in perforin-positive CD3+γδ-T cells.
  • This reduction was statistically significant in obese patients with severe OSA, even in lean patients without hypoxia.
  • The findings are relevant to understanding the association between OSA and cancer due to the role of γδ-T cells in tumor surveillance.