Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 16, 2026

A Protocol for Detecting and Scavenging Gas-phase Free Radicals in Mainstream Cigarette Smoke
Published on: January 2, 2012
Relationship between smoking and total antioxidant status, total oxidant status, oxidative stress index, vit C, vit E
Merve Karademirci1, Ruhusen Kutlu1, Ibrahim Kilinc2
1Department of Family Medicine, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey.
Background:
Tobacco smoking contains many toxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic chemicals, as well as stable and unstable free radicals. In this study, we aimed to assess the vitamin E, vitamin C and total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI) in smoking and non-smoking men.
Materials And Methods:
This case-control analytical study was conducted on 78 smoking and 82 non-smoking men. Fagerström nicotine-dependence test was used to assess the participants' addiction status. Low-density lipoprotein-c, high-density lipoprotein-c, total cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting blood glucose, vitamin E, vitamin C, TAS and TOS levels were determined.
Results:
The mean age of 160 men who participated in our study was 33.0 ± 10.6 years. The comparison of smoker and non-smoker groups was made in terms of the parameters of TAS, TOS, OSI, vitamin C and vitamin E; it was seen that TAS (P = .003), vitamin C (P < .001) and vitamin E (P < .001) values in non-smokers' group were found significantly higher than smokers. In non-smokers, vitamin C level was 4.3 times more than the smokers. In non-smokers, vitamin E level was 6.9 times more than the smokers. The values of TOS (P < .001) and OSI (P < .001) in smokers were significantly higher than the control group.
Conclusions:
The parameters of TAS, vitamin C and vitamin E were significantly higher in the non-smoker group than in the smoker group. The levels of TOS and OSI were higher in the smoker group. It is known that cigarette smoking leads to various diseases because of the free radicals it contains.
Related Concept Videos
Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques IV
Radical Autoxidation
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology
Chronic Inflammation
Statistical Methods for Analyzing Epidemiological Data
Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox...
Lifestyle Factors and Health
Benefits of Physical Activity
Physical activity, whether through structured exercise or casual activities like walking, biking, or dancing, is a cornerstone of a...

