Granzyme B in skin inflammation and disease

Area of Science:

• Dermatology
• Immunology
• Molecular Biology

Background:

• Granzyme B (GzmB) is a serine protease implicated in skin homeostasis.
• Elevated GzmB levels are observed in various chronic skin conditions like diabetic ulcers and autoimmune disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and critically examine the current knowledge of GzmB's role in inflammatory skin disease.
• To provide an overview of both apoptotic and extracellular mechanisms of GzmB, focusing on its extracellular functions.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on Granzyme B in skin inflammation and disease.
• Analysis of GzmB's functions, including proteolysis, barrier disruption, and immune cell involvement.

Main Results:

• GzmB's role extends beyond apoptosis to extracellular matrix degradation, epithelial barrier disruption, and fibrosis.
• Extracellular GzmB is found in diseased skin and plasma, active independently of perforin.
• GzmB proteolysis impacts tissue remodeling, barrier function, autoantigen generation, and angiogenesis.

Conclusions:

• GzmB's extracellular activity is a critical factor in inflammatory skin diseases.
• Understanding GzmB's multifaceted roles, particularly its extracellular functions, is essential for therapeutic strategies in skin disorders.