Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

9.6K
Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
9.6K
Parallel Processing01:20

Parallel Processing

780
The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
780
Vision01:24

Vision

60.4K
Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
60.4K
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

7.8K
The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
7.8K
Visual System01:26

Visual System

1.9K
Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
1.9K
Depth Perception and Spatial Vision01:15

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

2.1K
Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
2.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Longitudinal mapping of a randomized controlled trial of EEG neurofeedback in PTSD: Early symptom stabilization and implications for adjunctive therapeutic potential.

Psychiatry research. Neuroimaging·2026
Same author

Assessing spider fear: Validity of a novel computerized behavioral avoidance test.

PloS one·2026
Same author

Erratum: Wide-field and non-invasive imaging of brain tumours with scattered light techniques: erratum.

Biomedical optics express·2026
Same author

Could agentic AI topple grant-funding systems?

Nature·2026
Same author

Towards Improved Outcomes for Cavernous Malformations of the Brainstem and Other "Critical" Function Brain Regions.

Neurosurgery·2026
Same author

Wide-field and non-invasive imaging of brain tumours with scattered light techniques.

Biomedical optics express·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
13:00

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

10.3K

Real-time decoding of covert attention in higher-order visual areas.

Jinendra Ekanayake1, Chloe Hutton2, Gerard Ridgway3

  • 1Wellcome Trust Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom.

Neuroimage
|December 17, 2017
PubMed
Summary

This study demonstrates cognitive brain-computer interfaces (BCI) using higher-order brain regions for attention decoding. This advances BCI technology for potential communication in patients with severe brain injuries.

More Related Videos

Measurement of Neurophysiological Signals of Ignoring and Attending Processes in Attention Control
09:37

Measurement of Neurophysiological Signals of Ignoring and Attending Processes in Attention Control

Published on: July 5, 2015

9.6K
Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity
06:46

Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity

Published on: March 18, 2019

7.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
13:00

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

10.3K
Measurement of Neurophysiological Signals of Ignoring and Attending Processes in Attention Control
09:37

Measurement of Neurophysiological Signals of Ignoring and Attending Processes in Attention Control

Published on: July 5, 2015

9.6K
Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity
06:46

Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity

Published on: March 18, 2019

7.6K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Brain-computer interfaces (BCI) traditionally rely on motor and sensory brain regions.
  • Existing BCI methods often require invasive surgical implants or complex neuroimaging setups.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish proof-of-principle for using higher-order brain regions in BCI.
  • To explore the use of cognitive processes, specifically attention, for BCI control.
  • To develop a non-invasive BCI system for communication in patients with severe brain injuries.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
  • Implemented an online 'winner-takes-all' classification approach with quadrant-specific parameter estimates.
  • Linked brain activation classifications to the covert allocation of attention to images presented in four locations.

Main Results:

  • Achieved single-block classification of brain activations related to attention.
  • Demonstrated significantly above-chance decoding accuracies in three target higher-order brain regions.
  • Reached individual decoding accuracies up to 70%.

Conclusions:

  • Higher-order brain regions can be effectively utilized for BCI applications.
  • 'Cognitive BCIs' leverage versatile information from complex mental processes.
  • This approach offers a potential communication platform for individuals with severe motor impairments.