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Related Concept Videos

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction

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Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
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Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
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Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

1.2K
Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
1.2K
Acute Kidney Injury VI: Nursing Management01:22

Acute Kidney Injury VI: Nursing Management

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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) results in an inability to maintain fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. Effective nursing management is critical in improving patient outcomes and includes comprehensive patient assessment and targeted interventions.Comprehensive Patient AssessmentA detailed history collection is essential, focusing on any recent infections, nephrotoxic medication use, or chronic conditions such as hypertension and diabetes that may contribute to AKI. During the physical...
518
Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

354
Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
354
Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care01:20

Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care

369
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) requires a collaborative healthcare approach to restore renal function and prevent complications. Essential management strategies involve monitoring fluid and electrolyte balance, adjusting medications, initiating dialysis when necessary, and providing nutritional support.Fluid and Electrolyte ManagementFluid Monitoring: Regularly monitoring body weight, central venous pressure, and urine output helps detect fluid imbalances early. Patient intake and output are...
369

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Updated: Feb 16, 2026

A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion
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Sequelae of AKI.

Samir S Patel1, Carlos E Palant1, Vrinda Mahajan2

  • 1The Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Anaesthesiology
|December 18, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) survivors face increased long-term health risks, including chronic kidney disease. Even mild AKI episodes significantly impact patient morbidity and mortality, highlighting a major public health concern.

Keywords:
acute kidney injurycardiac surgical procedurescardiovascular diseasesepidemiologic studiesfollow-up studies

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Epidemiology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Large studies show elevated morbidity and mortality months to years post-acute kidney injury (AKI).
  • Even mild AKI episodes are linked to significant adverse health outcomes.
  • AKI may be a marker for increased risk or a causal factor in chronic kidney disease progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the long-term consequences of acute kidney injury.
  • To examine the association between AKI and clinical outcomes, particularly in cardiac surgery patients.
  • To redefine renal function recovery after AKI.

Main Methods:

  • Review of large epidemiologic studies.
  • Analysis of patient populations with varying AKI severity.
  • Focus on outcomes in cardiac surgery patients.

Main Results:

  • AKI is associated with substantial long-term morbidity and mortality.
  • Traditional views on AKI recovery are challenged; long-term effects exist even after apparent renal function normalization.
  • AKI in cardiac surgery patients has significant clinical outcome implications.

Conclusions:

  • AKI survivors face enduring health risks, challenging the notion of full recovery after baseline renal function is restored.
  • AKI is increasingly recognized as a contributor to the development of chronic kidney disease.
  • Understanding AKI sequelae is crucial for public health and clinical management, especially in high-risk groups like cardiac surgery patients.