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Interactions between surfactants and hydrolytic enzymes.

Krister Holmberg1

  • 1Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.

Colloids and Surfaces. B, Biointerfaces
|December 18, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Surfactants can alter hydrolytic enzyme activity by changing enzyme structure. Nonionic surfactants are generally less harmful than ionic ones due to different binding mechanisms, impacting formulations like detergents.

Keywords:
AmylaseCellulaseEnzymeInteractionLipasePeptidaseProteaseProteinSurfactant

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Enzyme kinetics
  • Formulation science

Background:

  • Surfactants are common in formulations with hydrolytic enzymes (e.g., detergents, personal care products).
  • Interactions between surfactants and enzymes can cause conformational changes, leading to reduced enzymatic activity.
  • Understanding these interactions is crucial for optimizing product performance and stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the interactions between surfactants and hydrolytic enzymes.
  • To discuss the impact of these interactions on enzyme activity.
  • To explore differences in surfactant effects across various enzyme classes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of associations between surfactants and hydrolytic enzymes.
  • Discussion of general principles governing these interactions.
  • Survey of studies on lipases, proteases, amylases, and cellulases.

Main Results:

  • The effect of surfactants on enzyme activity varies significantly among different hydrolytic enzymes.
  • Nonionic surfactants are generally less detrimental to enzyme activity compared to anionic and cationic surfactants.
  • Ionic surfactants can bind strongly to enzymes via electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions, causing conformational changes even at low concentrations.

Conclusions:

  • General statements about the detrimental effects of surfactants on hydrolytic enzymes are difficult to make due to enzyme-specific responses.
  • The binding mode (hydrophobic for nonionic, electrostatic/hydrophobic for ionic) explains the differential impact of surfactants.
  • Formulation scientists must consider specific enzyme-surfactant combinations to maintain enzymatic activity.