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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 16, 2026

The CryoAPEX Method for Electron Microscopy Analysis of Membrane Protein Localization Within Ultrastructurally-Preserved Cells
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Elusively reaching the apex.

Luke Halliday1, Paul Ikgan Sia1, Dinesh Selva1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, South Australia, Australia.

Survey of Ophthalmology
|December 18, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A rare case of squamous cell carcinoma presenting as a left orbital apex and cavernous sinus lesion caused cranial nerve deficits. Palliative radiotherapy was used for management.

Keywords:
frontal nerveorbitorbital apex syndromeperineural invasionsquamous cell carcinoma

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neurology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Orbital apex and cavernous sinus lesions can present with complex neurological and ophthalmological symptoms.
  • Squamous cell carcinoma is an uncommon cause of such lesions, often presenting with subtle initial signs.

Observation:

  • A 64-year-old man experienced 3 months of diplopia and left proptosis.
  • Neurological examination revealed deficits in multiple cranial nerves (II, III, IV, V, VI, VII) on the left.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging identified a lesion at the left orbital apex and cavernous sinus.

Findings:

  • Subtle thickening of the left frontal and supraorbital nerves was noted.
  • Biopsy confirmed a well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma.
  • Steroid treatment showed minimal efficacy.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of considering squamous cell carcinoma in the differential diagnosis of orbital apex and cavernous sinus masses.
  • Early identification of nerve involvement, even subtle, is crucial for diagnosis.
  • Palliative radiotherapy can be a management option for advanced squamous cell carcinoma in this region.