Evaluation of an experimental remineralizing agent for repairing enamel surfaces

The best material for repairing enamel surface defects is one very similar to the original enamel and which interacts with natural remineralization mechanisms. It does not repair extensive damage, so in order to fill large defects, external help is required using phosphocalcic ceramic composites that activate salivary remineralization efficiently though on smaller in scale. Effective adhesion of the repair may depend on the amount of aqueous fluids present in the enamel, which apparently enable nucleation and growth of new minerals to ensure adhesion and stability. The amount of fluids is governed by osmotic pressure. This study evaluated the influence of two osmotic pressure values of isotonic and hypotonic saliva and two modified remineralizing agent compositions: combinations of "conditioner" and "remineralizing agent" in proportions of 90%: 10% (A) and 50%: 50%(B), on filling artificial cracks. Results were evaluated by profilometer, stereomicroscope and confocal laser microscope. A 22 factorial design and a logistic model for statistical analysis were used. Only the composition of the mineralizing agent had a significant effect on efficiency in repairing defects. Compositions A and B both repaired dental enamel defects, but composition B presented higher levels of repair and more compact deposits as observed under stereomicroscope.