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Related Concept Videos

Biosynthesis in Bacteria01:24

Biosynthesis in Bacteria

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Biosynthesis in bacteria is a fundamental anabolic process that generates essential macromolecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and polysaccharides. These macromolecules are critical for cellular growth, replication, and function. The process is tightly regulated and energetically linked to catabolic pathways to ensure optimal resource utilization.Biosynthetic pathways begin with precursor metabolites such as pyruvate, acetyl-CoA, and glucose-6-phosphate derived from glycolysis,...
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Peptidoglycan Synthesis01:28

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Structure of PeptidoglycanPeptidoglycan is a vital structural component of the bacterial cell wall, providing mechanical strength and shape to the cell. It consists of repeating units of two sugars—N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM)—linked by β-1,4 glycosidic bonds. These sugar chains are cross-linked by short peptide chains, forming a mesh-like polymer that surrounds the bacterial plasma membrane.Cytoplasmic Phase – Precursor SynthesisPeptidoglycan...
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Updated: Feb 16, 2026

From a Natural Product to Its Biosynthetic Gene Cluster: A Demonstration Using Polyketomycin from Streptomyces diastatochromogenes T&#252;6028
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Native and Engineered Clifednamide Biosynthesis in Multiple Streptomyces spp.

Yunci Qi1, Edward Ding1, Joshua A V Blodgett1

  • 1Department of Biology, Washington University in St Louis , St Louis, Missouri 63130, United States.

ACS Synthetic Biology
|December 19, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Researchers identified a new enzyme, cytochrome P450 (CftA), essential for producing clifednamide polycyclic tetramate macrolactams (PTMs). Synthetic biology and genome mining were used to enhance PTM production and discover new variants.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Natural Products Chemistry
Keywords:
Streptomycescytochrome P450genome miningmetabolic engineeringnatural productspolycyclic tetramate macrolactams

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Background:

  • Polycyclic tetramate macrolactams (PTMs) are bioactive natural products synthesized by bacteria, particularly actinomycetes.
  • Their biosynthetic gene clusters are relatively simple, making them amenable to bioengineering for novel compound discovery and production.
  • Clifednamide-type PTMs possess a unique ketone group, indicating the involvement of a specific oxidative enzyme in their biosynthesis.