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Related Concept Videos

Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:21

Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

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Individuals with Barrett's esophagus are often asymptomatic, but they may experience symptoms commonly associated with GERD, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. Additional symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unintentional weight loss, blood in the stool (which may appear black, tarry, or bloody), and episodes of vomiting.
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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders01:20

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Gastrointestinal or GI motility disorders are characterized by irregular gastrointestinal tract movements, disrupting food transit from the mouth to the anus. They are caused by damage or dysfunction in gut muscles or nerves. These disorders can cause symptoms such as severe constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and swallowing difficulties. Disorders can affect any segment of the GI tract and range widely in severity, from common conditions like GERD to life-threatening conditions like...
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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Related Experiment Video

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Author Spotlight: Advancing Early Detection and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors
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ASCO-update: gastrointestinal tumors.

Lukas Weiss1, Florian Huemer1, Richard Greil1

  • 1IIIrd Medical Department of Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Rheumatology and Infectious Disease, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute (SCRI), Paracelsus Medical University, Muellner Hauptstraße 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.

Memo
|December 19, 2017
PubMed
Summary

New insights in gastrointestinal tumors were presented at ASCO 2017. This update focuses on practice-changing phase 3 trials and immunotherapeutics for gastroesophageal cancers.

Keywords:
Biliary tract cancerCololrectal cancerGastric cancerImmune checkpoint inhibitor

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • ASCO 2017 meeting highlighted novel molecular and immunologic insights in gastrointestinal tumors.
  • Focus on practice-changing clinical trials is crucial for advancing patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a clinical perspective on practice-changing phase 3 trials in gastrointestinal tumors.
  • To elaborate on updated data regarding immunotherapeutics in gastroesophageal cancers.

Main Methods:

  • Review of presented phase 3 trials from ASCO 2017.
  • Analysis of updated immunotherapeutic data for gastroesophageal cancers.

Main Results:

  • Key practice-changing phase 3 trial results were identified and contextualized.
  • Updated data on immunotherapeutics in gastroesophageal cancers were discussed.

Conclusions:

  • Clinical implications of recent phase 3 trials for gastrointestinal tumors are significant.
  • Anticipated drug approvals for gastroesophageal cancers may impact future treatment strategies.