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IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the...
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Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Real Time Monitoring of Intracellular Bile Acid Dynamics Using a Genetically Encoded FRET-based Bile Acid Sensor
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Current OCT Approaches Do Not Reliably Identify TCFAs.

Mark E Brezinski1,2,3, Kishore J Harjai4

  • 1Center for Optics and Modern Physics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, M.A, USA.

Journal of Clinical & Experimental Cardiology
|December 19, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Thin-Capped Fibroatheromas (TCFAs) cause most Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACSs). Current OCT methods misidentify plaques, necessitating new approaches to accurately detect TCFAs and prevent ACS events.

Keywords:
Acute coronary syndrome: ACSLipidMacrophagesMassachusetts General Hospital LightlabMyocardial infarctionOptical coherence tomography: OCTPlaque ruptureThin capped fibroatheroma: TCFA

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Imaging
  • Interventional Cardiology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Thin-Capped Fibroatheromas (TCFAs) are the primary cause of Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACSs).
  • Accurate identification of TCFAs is crucial for targeted intervention and prevention of ACS.
  • Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) has advanced plaque imaging but faces limitations in reliably identifying TCFAs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the misconception that current OCT 'diffuse border' criteria reliably identify lipid plaques.
  • To highlight the need for OCT methods focused on detecting necrotic cores, characteristic of TCFAs.
  • To advocate for the development and pursuit of alternative OCT approaches for accurate TCFA assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Critically evaluating the 'diffuse border' criteria used in OCT for lipid plaque identification.
  • Analyzing the limitations of current OCT interpretations regarding plaque composition.
  • Reviewing potential alternative OCT strategies for TCFA detection.

Main Results:

  • The 'diffuse border' criterion is likely due to intimal scattering, not necrotic core composition.
  • Current OCT methods may misinterpret lipid collections as indicative of TCFAs.
  • Necrotic cores, not lipid collections, are the defining feature of TCFAs.

Conclusions:

  • Existing OCT criteria for identifying TCFAs are flawed and based on a misconception.
  • Future OCT research must focus on detecting necrotic cores for accurate TCFA assessment.
  • Developing and implementing novel OCT techniques is essential to improve TCFA detection and ACS prevention.