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Optic neuritis in dogs: 96 cases (1983-2016).

Sara M Smith1, Hans D Westermeyer1, Christopher L Mariani1

  • 1Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.

Veterinary Ophthalmology
|December 19, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Optic neuritis in dogs is often linked to multifocal meningoencephalitis of unknown etiology (MUE) or occurs as isolated optic neuritis (I-ON). These conditions present similar incidences, suggesting I-ON is a distinct clinical syndrome.

Keywords:
causes of canine optic neuritisdogsgranulomatous meningoencephalitismeningoencephalitis of unknown etiologyocular GMEoptic neuritis

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Neurology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Canine Medicine

Background:

  • Optic neuritis, inflammation of the optic nerve, can cause vision loss in dogs.
  • Understanding the causes and outcomes of optic neuritis is crucial for canine health.
  • Distinguishing between isolated optic neuritis and optic neuritis secondary to systemic disease is clinically important.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the ocular and neurologic findings associated with optic neuritis in dogs.
  • To identify the underlying causes and evaluate treatment outcomes for canine optic neuritis.
  • To differentiate between isolated optic neuritis and multifocal meningoencephalitis of unknown etiology (MUE).

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of medical records from dogs diagnosed with optic neuritis.
  • Data collected from North Carolina State University Veterinary Hospital between 1983 and 2016.
  • Analysis of funduscopic findings, concurrent neurologic abnormalities, and diagnostic outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Ninety-six cases of optic neuritis were identified, with 76% being bilateral.
  • Common funduscopic findings included optic nerve head elevation and retinal edema.
  • Leading diagnoses were isolated optic neuritis (I-ON, 42 cases) and multifocal meningoencephalitis of unknown etiology (MUE, 35 cases).
  • Vision loss was common, with 50 of 72 follow-up cases remaining blind.

Conclusions:

  • Optic neuritis in dogs is frequently associated with MUE or occurs as I-ON.
  • The similar incidence of MUE and I-ON suggests I-ON represents a distinct clinical syndrome.
  • Prognosis for vision recovery in dogs with optic neuritis is often poor.