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Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...

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Updated: Feb 16, 2026

The Use of Mouse Splenocytes to Assess Pathogen-associated Molecular Pattern Influence on Clock Gene Expression

The Use of Mouse Splenocytes to Assess Pathogen-associated Molecular Pattern Influence on Clock Gene Expression

Published on: July 24, 2018

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns alter molecular clock gene expression in mouse splenocytes.

Adam C Silver¹

¹Department of Biology, University of Hartford, West Hartford, CT, United States.

|December 19, 2017

Summary

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) can disrupt the body's internal 24-hour clock. This study found that various PAMPs, not just lipopolysaccharide, alter the expression of key clock genes, impacting circadian rhythms.

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Area of Science:

Chronobiology
Immunology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Circadian rhythms are crucial endogenous 24-hour cycles regulating physiological processes.
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are molecules recognized by the immune system.
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a PAMP, is known to affect the molecular clock.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate whether PAMPs, beyond LPS, can alter circadian clock gene expression.
To determine the impact of various PAMPs on the molecular clockwork.
To assess the in vivo relevance of PAMP-induced circadian clock alterations.

Main Methods:

Ex vivo challenge of cells with different PAMPs.
Quantitative measurement of clock gene mRNA levels (Per2, Bmal1, Rev-erbα, Dbp).
In vivo challenge using poly(I:C) to model PAMP exposure.

Main Results:

Several tested PAMPs demonstrated the ability to modify clock gene expression.
The study confirmed that PAMPs can indeed influence the molecular circadian clock.
In vivo poly(I:C) challenge further supported the relevance of PAMPs in altering circadian rhythms.

Conclusions:

The findings indicate a broader role for PAMPs in modulating circadian rhythms than previously understood.
Multiple PAMPs can directly impact the expression of core clock genes.
This interaction between the immune system and circadian clock has significant physiological implications.