Fungal silver nanoparticles: synthesis, application and challenges

Area of Science:

• Nanotechnology
• Mycology
• Biotechnology

Background:

• Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) exhibit unique properties valuable for diverse applications.
• Traditional AgNPs synthesis methods often involve toxic chemicals and high energy demands.
• Fungal bioconversion presents an eco-friendly alternative for AgNPs production.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advancements in the synthesis and applications of fungal AgNPs.
• To discuss challenges associated with AgNPs production and utilization.
• To explore strategies for mitigating AgNPs toxicity and improving synthesis.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review of scientific papers on fungal AgNPs.
• Analysis of synthesis pathways, applications, and toxicity data.
• Identification of challenges and potential solutions in fungal AgNPs research.

Main Results:

• Fungal bioconversion enables simple, cost-effective, and energy-efficient AgNPs synthesis.
• Fungi-derived enzymes act as reducing and capping agents, yielding stable, shape-controlled AgNPs.
• AgNPs demonstrate significant potential in medical and food industries due to antimicrobial, anticancer, and catalytic activities.

Conclusions:

• Fungal AgNPs hold promise for medical and food applications owing to their potent bioactivities.
• Toxicity concerns in vitro and in vivo remain significant challenges for AgNPs synthesis and application.
• Further research is needed to optimize synthesis and address toxicity for safe and effective AgNPs utilization.