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Related Concept Videos

Neurulation01:30

Neurulation

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Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the...
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In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
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Cortical Neurogenesis: Transitioning from Advances in the Laboratory to Cell-Based Therapies
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The Subventricular Zone: A Key Player in Human Neocortical Development.

J Alberto Ortega1, Fani Memi1, Nevena Radonjic1,2

  • 11 Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.

The Neuroscientist : a Review Journal Bringing Neurobiology, Neurology and Psychiatry
|December 20, 2017
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Summary

The developing human brain

Keywords:
developmenthuman cerebral cortexsubventricular zone

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Human Embryology

Background:

  • Neurons and macroglia originate in the ventricular zone (VZ) and subventricular zone (SVZ).
  • The subventricular zone (SVZ) is a transient germinal compartment crucial for human brain development.
  • The outer subventricular zone (oSVZ) expansion is key to primate cerebral cortex evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review cell types and organization of the human SVZ during early gestation.
  • To examine environmental influences on subventricular zone (SVZ) cell survival and fate.
  • To highlight the utility of in vitro models for studying human neocortex formation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on human brain development.
  • Analysis of in vitro experiments using human cortical progenitor cells.
  • Focus on the first half of human gestation (0–20 weeks).

Main Results:

  • The subventricular zone (SVZ), particularly the outer SVZ (oSVZ), is vital for generating cortical neurons and glia.
  • Environmental factors significantly influence the survival and differentiation of subventricular zone (SVZ) progenitor cells.
  • In vitro models provide insights into human neocortex development and neurodevelopmental disorders.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the human subventricular zone (SVZ) is critical for comprehending neocortex formation and evolution.
  • In vitro studies of human cortical progenitor cells aid in investigating neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • This research facilitates the development of targeted preventive and therapeutic strategies for brain development.