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Echinococcus multilocularis management by fox culling: An inappropriate paradigm.

Sebastien Comte1, Gérald Umhang2, Vincent Raton1

  • 1Entente de Lutte Interdépartementale contre les Zoonoses (ELIZ), Technopôle Agricole et Vétérinaire, Batiment G, 54220 Malzéville, France.

Preventive Veterinary Medicine
|December 20, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Fox culling did not reduce Echinococcus multilocularis (E. multilocularis) in French foxes. Instead, parasite prevalence increased, suggesting culling is ineffective for managing this zoonotic disease risk.

Keywords:
Alveolar echinococcosisFox cullingWildlife disease managementZoonosis

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Parasitology
  • Wildlife Ecology
  • Zoonotic Disease Management

Background:

  • Echinococcus multilocularis (E. multilocularis) is spreading in Europe, posing a risk to human health.
  • Fox culling has been considered for population health management to control E. multilocularis.
  • Effective strategies are needed to reduce parasite prevalence in wildlife and human exposure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of fox culling as a method to reduce E. multilocularis prevalence in France.
  • To assess the impact of intensive culling on fox population dynamics and parasite transmission.
  • To inform public health strategies for managing alveolar echinococcosis.

Main Methods:

  • A four-year study involving night shooting of foxes from cars near Nancy, France.
  • Targeted culling over 693 km², representing increased pressure on the local fox population.
  • Monitoring of E. multilocularis prevalence in the culled area and a control area.

Main Results:

  • Despite significant culling efforts (776 foxes killed), the fox population did not decrease.
  • E. multilocularis prevalence in the culled area increased from 40% to 55%.
  • Prevalence remained stable in the adjacent control area, indicating culling exacerbated the issue.

Conclusions:

  • Fox culling by night shooting is ineffective in controlling E. multilocularis in this setting.
  • Population resilience, likely due to immigration and recruitment, and increased juvenile movement contributed to higher parasite prevalence.
  • Alternative methods, such as anthelmintic baiting, should be prioritized for managing alveolar echinococcosis.