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Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment
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Does Cognitive Training Prevent Cognitive Decline?: A Systematic Review.

Mary Butler1, Ellen McCreedy1, Victoria A Nelson1

  • 1From University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; and Minneapolis VA Health Care System and HealthPartners, Minneapolis, Minnesota.

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Summary

Cognitive training exercises may improve specific cognitive skills in healthy older adults, but evidence for preventing cognitive decline or dementia is insufficient. Further research is needed to clarify effectiveness for mild cognitive impairment.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Cognitive training exercises are promoted to slow cognitive decline and dementia.
  • However, their effectiveness remains a subject of debate.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize evidence on cognitive training's effects on cognitive performance.
  • To assess its impact on incident dementia in adults with normal cognition or mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of trials (≥6 months) comparing cognitive training with control groups.
  • Included studies had low to medium risk of bias.
  • Searched multiple databases through July 2017.

Main Results:

  • For healthy older adults, cognitive training improved performance in the trained domain only (moderate evidence).
  • For adults with MCI, results suggested no training effect on performance (low/insufficient evidence).
  • Evidence for preventing cognitive decline or dementia was insufficient.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive training improves specific cognitive domains in healthy older adults.
  • Insufficient evidence exists for preventing or delaying cognitive decline or dementia.
  • Effectiveness for individuals with MCI is not supported by current evidence.