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Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

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The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
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Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

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The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...
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Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

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IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Matrix-assisted Autologous Chondrocyte Transplantation for Remodeling and Repair of Chondral Defects in a Rabbit Model
08:58

Matrix-assisted Autologous Chondrocyte Transplantation for Remodeling and Repair of Chondral Defects in a Rabbit Model

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Chondromalacia Patellae.

Jack Levine

    The Physician and Sportsmedicine
    |December 20, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary

    Chondromalacia patellae, a knee condition, arises from imbalances affecting the quadriceps and patella. This review covers its causes, diagnosis, and management strategies.

    Area of Science:

    • Orthopedics
    • Sports Medicine
    • Biomechanical Engineering

    Background:

    • Chondromalacia patellae involves damage to the cartilage under the kneecap.
    • Imbalances in the quadriceps muscle group can disrupt patellar tracking.
    • This condition affects athletes and active individuals, impacting knee function.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To provide a comprehensive overview of chondromalacia patellae.
    • To elucidate the etiological factors contributing to the condition.
    • To outline current diagnostic approaches and treatment options.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of studies on chondromalacia patellae.
    • Analysis of biomechanical factors influencing patellofemoral joint health.
    • Synthesis of clinical findings related to diagnosis and management.

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    Destabilization of the Medial Meniscus and Cartilage Scratch Murine Model of Accelerated Osteoarthritis
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    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Feb 16, 2026

    Matrix-assisted Autologous Chondrocyte Transplantation for Remodeling and Repair of Chondral Defects in a Rabbit Model
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    Autologous Microfractured and Purified Adipose Tissue for Arthroscopic Management of Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus
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    Main Results:

    • Etiology is multifactorial, involving structural and functional issues.
    • Diagnosis relies on clinical examination and imaging.
    • Treatment encompasses conservative and surgical interventions.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding the etiology is key to effective management of chondromalacia patellae.
    • A multidisciplinary approach improves patient outcomes.
    • Further research can refine treatment protocols for this condition.