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Related Concept Videos

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

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Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
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Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

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Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
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Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva: Basic understanding and experimental models.

Zijuan Qi1,2, Jing Luan2, Xiaoyan Zhou2

  • 1School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Ji'nan, China.

Intractable & Rare Diseases Research
|December 21, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressive (FOP) is a rare genetic disorder causing a disabling second skeleton through heterotopic ossification. Early diagnosis and flare-up prevention can improve patient longevity, with new treatments emerging.

Keywords:
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressivedisease modelinginduced pluripotent stem cellsphenotype and genotype

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Rare Diseases
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressive (FOP) is an extremely rare autosomal dominant disorder.
  • It is characterized by congenital malformations of the great toes and progressive heterotopic ossification.
  • This condition can lead to a disabling second skeleton and is estimated to occur in one in two million individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the classical phenotype and genotype of FOP.
  • To describe diagnostic methods, therapeutic approaches, and experimental models for FOP.
  • To highlight the importance of early diagnosis and flare-up prevention for patient longevity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of classical FOP phenotype and genotype.
  • Summary of diagnostic methods and therapeutic strategies.
  • Overview of experimental models used in FOP research.

Main Results:

  • FOP presents with specific congenital malformations and progressive heterotopic endochondral ossification.
  • Early diagnosis and prevention of inflammatory flare-ups are crucial for extending patient longevity.
  • Promising new treatment strategies and targets are emerging for FOP.

Conclusions:

  • FOP is a severe genetic disorder requiring careful management.
  • Early identification and intervention are key to improving outcomes.
  • Ongoing research into treatments offers hope for patients with FOP.