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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients
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Progressive inner nuclear layer dysfunction in non-optic neuritis eyes in MS.

Yuyi You1, Elizabeth C Graham1, Ting Shen1

  • 1Save Sight Institute (Y.Y., E.C.G., C.L.F., A.K.), The University of Sydney; Department of Health and Medical Sciences (Y.Y., T.S., V.G., S.L.G., A.K.), Macquarie University; Department of Neurology (C.Y., J.P.), Royal North Shore Hospital; Brain and Mind Center (J.B., M.H.B.), The University of Sydney; Sydney Neuroimaging Analysis Center (M.H.B., A.K.), New South Wales, Australia; and Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (M.D.), University at Buffalo, NY.

Neurology(R) Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation
|December 21, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients show progressive inner retinal dysfunction, evidenced by electroretinography (ERG) changes. This subclinical retinal pathology correlates with ganglion cell loss, indicating potential MS-related visual impairment.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease affecting the central nervous system.
  • Retinal involvement in MS, particularly optic neuritis (ON), is well-documented.
  • Subclinical retinal changes in non-optic neuritis (ON) eyes of MS patients remain less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate primary retinal functional changes in non-optic neuritis (ON) eyes of patients with MS using full-field electroretinography (ERG).
  • To correlate these retinal changes with retinal structure and brain disease activity.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort study involving 77 relapsing-remitting MS patients without clinical ON in at least one eye and 30 healthy controls.
  • Full-field ERG recordings, optical coherence tomography (OCT) for RNFL and GCL-IPL thickness, and annual brain MRI scans over 3 years.
  • Analysis of baseline and longitudinal changes in ERG parameters, retinal structure, and brain disease activity.

Main Results:

  • Baseline delayed b-wave peak time in cone response correlated with RNFL and GCL-IPL thickness, Expanded Disability Status Scale, T2 lesion volume, and disease duration.
  • Progressive reduction in ERG a- and b-wave amplitudes observed over 3 years.
  • B-wave amplitude reduction correlated with longitudinal RNFL loss, but no correlation was found with brain disease activity.

Conclusions:

  • MS patients exhibit progressive inner nuclear layer dysfunction, indicated by ERG changes.
  • Borderline a-wave changes suggest concurrent outer retinal dysfunction.
  • Subclinical retinal pathology in MS affects both inner and outer retinal layers, correlating with retinal ganglion cell loss.