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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

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As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

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Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
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Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

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Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

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In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
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Related Experiment Video

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The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans
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[Can othopaedic surgeons accelerate time, or does the enthusiasm for alcohol rub just decrease by age?]

Jakob Klit1, Per Hviid Gundtoft, Eske Brand

  • 1j.klit1@@gmail.com.

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Senior surgeons perform surgical hand antisepsis faster, possibly due to altered time perception. Age did not affect time perception or attitudes towards antisepsis, suggesting surgeons may accelerate time.

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Area of Science:

  • Surgical Procedures
  • Medical Education
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Surgical hand antisepsis is critical for patient safety.
  • The perception of time and its effect on procedural efficiency in surgeons is not well understood.
  • Orthopaedic surgeons are known for their efficiency, but the factors contributing to this are debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between surgeon age, time perception, and the duration of surgical hand antisepsis.
  • To determine if orthopaedic surgeons' perception of time changes with age.
  • To assess surgeons' attitudes towards standard hand antisepsis guidelines.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study secretly timed orthopaedic surgeons performing alcohol rub for hand antisepsis.
  • Surgeons' perception of 120 seconds and attitudes towards hand antisepsis were assessed.
  • Data were analyzed comparing surgeons under 50 years of age with older surgeons.

Main Results:

  • Surgeons under 50 years old took significantly longer to complete alcohol rub.
  • No significant differences in time perception or attitudes toward surgical hand antisepsis were found between age groups.
  • All surgeons demonstrated awareness of and adherence to standard guidelines.

Conclusions:

  • Orthopaedic surgeons' efficiency in hand antisepsis may not be solely explained by age-related cognitive changes.
  • Surgeons may possess an ability to alter their perception of time, accelerating procedural execution.
  • Findings add to the unique characteristics attributed to orthopaedic surgeons.