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The development of PARP as a successful target for cancer therapy

Roberto Ferrara1,2,3, Francesca Simionato1,2, Chiara Ciccarese1,2

  • 1a Section of Oncology, Department of Medicine , Università degli Studi di Verona , Verona , Italy.

Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy
|December 21, 2017
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) offer a new therapeutic avenue for cancers with BRCA mutations, exploiting synthetic lethality. Research is ongoing to understand resistance mechanisms and expand PARPi applications.

Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Genomics
  • Cancer Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) and BRCA genes are crucial for genome maintenance.
  • Their interaction exemplifies synthetic lethality, a concept gaining traction in cancer therapy.
  • PARP inhibitors (PARPi) have emerged as a significant therapeutic strategy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the functions of PARP1 and BRCA genes in genome protection.
  • To present mechanisms of action and resistance to PARP inhibitors.
  • To explore the clinical applications of PARPi in various malignancies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of PARP1 and BRCA gene functions.
  • Analysis of PARP inhibitor mechanisms, resistance, and clinical data.
  • Discussion of the concept of 'BRCAness' and its implications.

Main Results:

  • PARP1 and BRCA genes play vital roles in DNA repair pathways.
  • PARPi demonstrate efficacy in cancers exhibiting 'BRCAness', including ovarian, breast, and prostate cancers.
  • Understanding resistance mechanisms is key to optimizing PARPi therapy.

Conclusions:

  • PARP inhibition represents a promising therapeutic option for specific cancer types.
  • Further research is needed on synthetic lethality, DNA repair-independent functions, resistance biomarkers, and combination therapies.
  • PARPi hold potential for broader application in oncology.
Keywords:
BRCA1-2BRCAnessDNA repairPARP inhibitorsPARP1synthetic lethality

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