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Generation of Transgenic Hydra by Embryo Microinjection
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Physical Mechanisms Driving Cell Sorting in Hydra.

Olivier Cochet-Escartin1, Tiffany T Locke2, Winnie H Shi1

  • 1Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.

Biophysical Journal
|December 21, 2017
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cell sorting in Hydra regeneration is driven by tissue interfacial tensions, not cell motility differences. Aggregate geometry is crucial for understanding these self-organization dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Cell sorting is crucial for tissue formation during development.
  • Hydra's regenerative capacity makes it an ideal model for studying 3D cell sorting.
  • The driving forces behind Hydra cell sorting remain debated, with differential motility and adhesion as proposed mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To resolve the longstanding question of what drives cell sorting during Hydra regeneration.
  • To distinguish between differential motility and differential adhesion as mechanisms for cell sorting.
  • To elucidate the physical principles governing self-organization in Hydra cell aggregates.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized transgenic Hydra expressing fluorescent proteins for cell tracking.
  • Employed a multiscale experimental and numerical approach to analyze cell and aggregate behavior.
  • Quantified single-cell kinematics, aggregate dynamics, tissue viscosities, and surface tensions.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated no significant differences in cell motility among Hydra cell types.
  • Observed cell sorting dynamics following a power law with an exponent of approximately 0.5.
  • Identified tissue interfacial tensions as the sufficient driving force for cell sorting.
  • Showed that aggregate geometry plays a critical role in sorting dynamics and power law exponent.

Conclusions:

  • Tissue interfacial tensions, rather than differential cell motility or adhesion, drive cell sorting in Hydra aggregates.
  • Aggregate geometry is a key factor influencing the dynamics of cell sorting.
  • Hydra serves as a powerful model system for biophysical studies of self-organization and pattern formation.