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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria, utilizing their genetic material to hijack host cellular machinery for replication. DNA bacteriophages employ single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes. These phages exhibit diverse replication strategies and host interactions, influencing their ecological roles and applications in biotechnology and medicine.ssDNA BacteriophagesssDNA phages, with their small genomes, utilize unique strategies to...
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The lysogenic cycle is a crucial viral replication strategy that allows bacteriophages to persist within host cells without immediately destroying them. This process is primarily observed in temperate phages, such as bacteriophage lambda (λ), which infects Escherichia coli. The cycle allows the viral genome to persist across bacterial generations while keeping host cells viable.Integration of the Viral GenomeUpon infection, bacteriophage lambda attaches to the bacterial surface and injects...
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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria. Among them, T-even bacteriophages, such as T4, exhibit a well-characterized lytic replication cycle in Escherichia coli (E. coli). This process ensures the rapid proliferation of the virus while ultimately leading to the destruction of the bacterial host.Attachment and DNA InjectionThe infection process begins with the recognition and binding of the T4 phage to the E. coli cell surface. Tail fibers of the phage...
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Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the...
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In contrast to the lytic cycle, phages infecting bacteria via the lysogenic cycle do not immediately kill their host cell. Instead, they combine their genome with the host genome, allowing the bacteria to replicate the phage DNA along with the bacterial genome. The incorporated copy of the phage genome is called the prophage. Some prophages can re-activate and enter the lytic cycle. This often occurs in response to a perturbation, such as DNA damage, but can also transpire in the absence of...
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The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
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Temperate phages as self-replicating weapons in bacterial competition.

Xiang-Yi Li1,2, Tim Lachnit3, Sebastian Fraune3

  • 1Department of Evolutionary Theory, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany.

Journal of the Royal Society, Interface
|December 22, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Viruses, specifically phages, can promote bacterial coexistence in host-associated microbial communities. This study shows how a phage

Keywords:
bacterial competitionbacteria–phage interactionslysogenic and lytic cyclesmathematical modelling

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Virology
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Microbial communities harbor diverse viruses, including phages.
  • Phages can influence microbial community structure and function.
  • Host-associated microbiota is crucial for host health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the role of a phage in mediating competition between two bacteria.
  • Explain the complex competitive interaction between bacterial species.
  • Highlight the importance of lysogeny in microbe-virus interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Studied interactions between *Curvibacter* sp. and *Duganella* sp. in *Hydra vulgaris* microbiota.
  • Utilized co-culture experiments to observe competition dynamics.
  • Developed and analyzed a mathematical model incorporating phage life cycles.

Main Results:

  • *Duganella* sp. is a superior competitor *in vitro*, but co-culture outcomes depend on initial abundances.
  • An inducible prophage in *Curvibacter* sp. infects *Duganella* sp. lytically.
  • The interplay of lysogenic and lytic phage cycles explains observed bacterial competition.

Conclusions:

  • Phages play a complex role in promoting bacterial coexistence.
  • Lysogeny is a critical factor in understanding microbe-virus interactions.
  • Phage-mediated interactions can maintain beneficial microbial communities for hosts.